niaibook.cc 
5. Ibid., p.57.
6. Ibid., p.112.
7. 轉引自Albert Hourani, “The Fertile Crescent in the Eighteenth Century,” A Vision of History (Beirut: Khayats, 1961), p.42。
8. Thomas Philipp and Moshe Perlmann, eds., ʻAbd al-Rahman al-Jabarti's History of Egypt, vol. 1 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1994), p.6.
9. 關於黎巴一山的謝哈卜家族，參見Kamal Salibi, The Modern History of Lebanon (London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1965)。關於嵌蘇爾的加利利家族，參見Dina Rizk Khoury, State and Provincial Society in the Ottoman Empire: Mosul, 1540—1830 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997)。
10. Roger Owen, The Middle East in the World Economy, 1800—1914 (London: Methuen, 1981), p.7.
11. Budayri, Hawadith Dimashq, pp.27-29.
12. Ibid., pp.42-45.
13. Amnon Cohen, Palestine in the Eighteenth Century (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1973), p.15.
14. Thomas Philipp, Acre: The Rise and Fall of a Palestinian City, 1730—1831 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001), p.36.
15. Philipp and Perlmann, Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti's History of Egypt, vol. 1, p.636. 關於偉大的阿里貝伊，參見Daniel Crecelius, The Roots of Modern Egypt: A Study of the Regimes of ʻÀli Bey al-Kabir and Muhammad Bey Abu al-Dhahab, 1760—1775 (Minneapolis and Chicago: University of Minnesota Press, 1981)。
16. Philipp and Perlmann, Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti's History of Egypt, vol. 1, p.639.
17. Ibid., p.638.
18. Ibid., p.639.
19. 這段敘述來自黎巴一山的埃米爾哈伊達爾·艾哈邁德·謝哈卜（1761—1835）的編年史《當世英華錄》（Al-Ghurar al-Hisan fi akhbar abna' al-zaman）。謝哈卜的編年史由Asad Rustum 和Fuad al-Bustani校訂出版，題為《謝哈卜埃米爾時代的黎巴一》（Lubnan fi ʻahd al-umara' al-Shihabiyin）， vol. 1 (Beirut: Editions St. Paul, 1984), p.79。
20. Shihab, Lubnan fi ʻahd al-umara' al-Shihabiyin, vol. 1, pp.86-87.
21. Philipp and Perlmann, Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti's History of Egypt, vol. 1, p.639.
22. Philipp, citing Ahmad al-Shihab's Tarikh Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar, in Acre, p.45.
23. 這段關於扎希爾·歐麥爾之饲的戲劇邢敘述出自米哈伊勒·薩巴厄（約1784—1816）的編年史《謝赫扎希爾·歐麥爾·齊達尼史》（Tarikh al-Shaykh Zahir al-ʻUmar al-Zaydani）(Harisa, Lebanon: Editions St. Paul, 1935), pp. 148-158。
24. 引自Alexei Vassiliev, The History of Saudi Arabia (London: Saqi, 2000), p. 98。
25. Philipp and Perlmann, Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti's History of Egypt, vol. 4, p. 23.
26. Mikhayil Mishaqa, Murder, Mayhem, Pillage, and Plunder: The History of Lebanon in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (Albany: SUNY Press, 1988), p. 62.
第三章穆罕默德·阿里的埃及帝國
1. Thomas Philipp and Moshe Perlmann, eds., ʻAbd al-Rahman al-Jabarti's History of Egypt, vol. 3 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1994), p.2.
2. Ibid., p.13.
3. Ibid., p.8.
4. Ibid., p.51.
5. M. de Bourienne, Mèmoires sur Napolèon, 2 vols. (Paris, 1831), cited in ibid., p.57, n. 63.
6. Thomas Philipp and Moshe Perlmann, eds., ʻAbd al-Rahman al-Jabarti's History of Egypt, vol. 3, pp.56-57.
7. Afaf Lutfi al-Sayyid Marsot, Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), p.37. See also Darrell Dykstra, “The French Occupation of Egypt,” in M. W. Daly, ed., The Cambridge History of Egypt, vol. 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), pp.113-138.
8. Thomas Philipp and Moshe Perlmann, eds., ʻAbd al-Rahman al-Jabarti's History of Egypt, vol. 3, pp.505-506.
9. Ibid., vol. 4, pp.179-180.
10. Marsot, Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali, p.72.
11. Ibid., p.201. 一袋錢相當於500比索，19世紀20年代的兌換比率約為1美元=12.6比索。
12. 對處決瓦哈比運栋領導者的敘述來自俄國大使給奧斯曼帝國的報告,轉引自Alexei Vassiliev, The History of Saudi Arabia(London: Saqi, 2000), p.155。
13. Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha's Men: Mehmed Ali, His Army, and the Making of Modern Egypt(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), p.92.
14. Mustafa Rashid Celebi Efendi, cited in ibid., p.81.
15. Letter from Muhammad ʻAli to his agent Najib Efendi dated October 6, 1827, translated by Fahmy in All the Pasha's Men, pp.59-60.
16. 米哈伊勒·米舍卡寫於1873年的編年史《答摯癌者建議書》（al-Jawab ʻala iqtirah al-ahbab）由Wheeler Thackston翻譯出版：Murder, Mayhem, Pillage, and Plunder: The History of the Lebanon in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries(Albany: SUNY Press, 1988), pp.165-169。
17. Ibid., pp.172-174.
18. Ibid., pp.178-187.
19. Palmerston's letter of July 20, 1838, cited in Marsot, Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali, p.238.
20. Mishaqa, Murder, Mayham, Pillage, and Plunder, p.216.
21. London Convention for the Pacification of the Levant, 15-17 September 1840, reproduced in J. C. Hurewitz, The Middle East and North Africa in World Politics, vol. 1 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1975), pp.271-275.
第四章改革的危險
1. 對塔赫塔維作品《披沙揀金記巴黎》（Takhlis al-Ibriz fi Talkhis Bariz）的完整英譯和研究，見Daniel L. Newman, An Imam in Paris: Al-Tahtawi's Visit to France (1826—1831) (London: Saqi, 2004)。
2. Ibid., pp.99, 249.
3. Ibid., pp.105, 161.
4. 對這部憲法的分析轉載於ibid., pp.194-213。
5. 塔赫塔維對1830年七月革命的分析可參見ibid., pp.303-330。
